Genus: Aspidelaps, shield-nosed cobras
Aspidelaps lubricus* South African coral snake (N Africa)
-- A. lubricus cowlesi (SW Angola and NW Namibia)
-- A. lubricus infuscatus (C Namibia)
-- A. lubricus lubricus South African coral snake (RSA and S Namibia)
Aspidelaps scutatus* Intermediate shield-nose snake (N Africa)
-- A. scutatus intermedius (RSA)
-- A. scutatus fulafula (SE Zimbabwe and S Mozambique)
-- A. scutatus scutatus, syn. A. scutatus bachrani Intermediate shield-nose snake (RSA,
Botswana, SW Zimbabwe, Namibia)
Genus: Boulengerina, water cobras
Boulengerina annulata*** Ringed water cobra
-- B. annulata annulata (E Cameroon, Gabon, DRC, Congo-Brazzaville)
-- B. annulata stormsi (sides of the Lake Tanganyika)
Boulengerina christyi*** Christy’s water cobra (N Congo-Brazzaville, W DRC, probably
inc. NW Angola)
Genus: Bungarus, kraits
Bungarus andamanensis*** South Andaman krait (the Andaman Islands)
Bungarus bungaroides*** Northeastern Hill krait (India and N Burma)
Bungarus caeruleus*** Indian krait (Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka)
Bungarus candidus*** Blue krait (Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Celebes)
Bungarus ceylonicus*** Ceylon krait (Sri Lanka)
Bungarus fasciatus*** Banded krait (N India, Indonesia, SE Asia)
Bungarus flaviceps*** Red-headed krait (mainland SE Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia)
-- B. flaviceps baluensis (Borneo)
-- B. flaviceps flaviceps (N Thailand, S Burma, S Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Indonesia)
Bungarus javanicus see B. candidus
Bungarus lividus*** Lesser black krait (India)
Bungarus magnimaculatus*** Burmese krait (N Burma)
Bungarus multicinctus*** Many-banded krait (Burma, S China, Taiwan)
-- B. multicinctus multicinctus (N China, Taiwan, Hainan, Hong Kong)
-- B. multicinctus wanghaotingi (Burma, NW Laos, SW China, N Vietnam)
Bungarus niger*** Greater black krait (E Himalayas and Assam)
Bungarus sindanus*** Sind krait
-- B. sindanus razai (E Afghanistan and NW Pakistan)
-- B. sindanus sindanus (N Pakistan and the neighboring part of W India)
-- B. sindanus walli (India)
Bungarus walli see Bungarus sindanus walli
Genus: Calliophis, Oriental coral snakes or Asian coral snakes
Caliophis beddomei* (SW India
Calliophis bibroni* Bibron’s coral snake (India)
Calliophis bivirgata*** Blue Malaysian coral snake
-- C. bivirgatus bivirgatus (Java)
-- C. bivirgatus flaviceps (Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Malayan Peninsula, Singapore,
Indonesia)
-- C. bivirgatus tetrataenia (Borneo)
Calliophis calligaster* syn. Hemibungarus calligaster
-- C. calligaster calligaster (the Philippines, Luzon and Mindoro islands)
-- C. calligaster gemiannulis (the Philippines, Cebu, Negros, Panay and Masbate islands)
-- C. calligaster mcclungi (Polillo Island near the Philippines)
Calliophis gracilis* Spotted coral snake (Malaysia, Sumatra, Singapore)
Calliophis intestinalis* Banded Malaysian coral snake
-- C. intestinalis bilineata (the Philippines)
-- C. intestinalis everetti (Borneo - Sabah)
-- C. intestinalis intestinalis (Indonesia)
-- C. intestinalis lineata, syn. C. nigrotaeniata, C. sumatrana (N Thailand, Malayan
Peninsula, Indonesia)
-- C. intestinalis philippina (the Philippines)
-- C. intestinalis suluensis (the Philippines)
-- C. intestinalis thepassi (Borneo and E Malaysia)
Calliophis japonicus* see Hemibungarus japonicus Japanese coral snake
Calliophis kellogi* syn. Sinomicrurus kelloggi, see Hemibungarus kellogi
Calliophis macclellandi** Macclelland’s coral snake, syn. Sinomicrurus macclellandi
-- C. macclellandi macclellandi (India, N Burma, S China, Vietnam, Thailand, Hainan)
-- C. macclellandi iwasakii (Japan)
-- C. macclellandi swinhoei (Taiwan)
-- C. macclellandi univirgatus (Nepal and India)
Calliophis maculiceps* Small-spotted coral snake
-- C. maculiceps atrofrontalis (N Vietnam and Cambodia)
-- C. maculiceps hughi (Thailand)
-- C. maculiceps maculiceps Small-spotted coral snake (N Burma, S Thailand, N
Malayan Peninsula)
-- C. maculiceps michaelis (C and S Laos)
-- C. maculiceps smithi (C Thailand)
Calliophis melanurus* Indian coral snake
-- C. melanurus melanurus (N and E India)
-- C. melanurus sinhaleyus (Sri Lanka)
Calliophis nigrescens* Black coral snake (N and W India)
Calliophis sauteri see Hemibungarus japonicus sauteri
Genus: Dendroaspis, mambas
Dendroaspis angusticeps*** Eastern green mamba (Tanzania, Mozambique, RSA)
Dendroaspis jamesoni*** Jameson’s mamba (W and C Equatorial Africa)
-- D. jamesoni jamesoni (Ghana to Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, E DRC,
Angola)
-- D. jamesoni kaimosae (E DRC, Rwanda, Uganda, W Kenya)
Dendroaspis polylepis*** Black mamba (C Africa)
Dendroaspis viridis*** Western green mamba (W Africa, S?o Tom?, probably S Senegal
and Togo)
Genus: Elapsoidea, venomous or African garter snakes
Elapsoidea boulengeri see E. semiannulata boulengeri
Elapsoidea broadleyi* (N Somalia)
Elapsoidea chelazzii* Somali garter snake syn. E. chelazziorum (a type locality near
Afgoi, S Somalia)
Elapsoidea guentherii* (N Congo-Brazzaville, S DRC, N and C Angola, C Zambia, N
and C Zimbabwe)
Elapsoidea laticincta* Werner’s garter snake (N Sudan, Central African Republic, N
Uganda, N DRC to SW Ethiopia)
Elapsoidea loveridgei* Loveridge’s garter snake
-- E. loveridgei colleti (E DRC, SW Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi)
-- E. loveridgei loveridgei (C and S Kenya, N Tanzania)
-- E. loveridgei multicincta (NE DRC, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, S Ethiopia)
-- E. loveridgei scalaris see E. guentherii
Elapsoidea nigra* Black garter snake (NE Tanzania)
Elapsoidea semiannulata* Angolan garter snake
-- E. semiannulata boulengeri Boulenger’s garter snake (N Tanzania to RSA)
-- E. semiannulata moebiusi (N Mauritania, Senegal to Central African Republic,
Cameroon, Congo-Brazzaville, DRC)
-- E. semiannulata semiannulata (Angola, SW DRC, NW RSA, W Zambia to N
Namibia)
Elapsoidea sundevalli** Sundevall’s garter snake or African garter snake
-- E. sundevalli decosteri (N Mozambique and NE RSA)
-- E. sundevalli fitzsimonsi (W Botswana, Namibia and the neighboring territory of RSA)
-- E. sundevalli longicauda (SE Zimbabwe, S Mozambique, RSA)
-- E. sundevalli media (RSA)
-- E. sundevalli sundevalli (RSA and Swaziland)
Elapsoidea trapei* (Senegal)
Genus: Hemachatus, cobra
Hemachatus haemachatus*** Rinkhals, ring-necked spitting cobra, or ringhals (N
Africa)
Genus: Hemibungarus, Asian or oriental coral snakes
Hemibungarus calligaster see Calliophis calligaster
Hemibungarus hatori* syn. Sinomicrurus hatori (NE Taiwan)
Hemibungarus japonicus*, syn. Sinomicrurus japonicus, Japanese coral snake, see
Calliophis japonicus
-- H. japonicus boettgeri (Japan)
-- H. japonicus japonicus (Japan)
-- H. japonicus sauteri see H. sauteri
-- H. japonicus takarai (Okinawa)
Hemibungarus kelloggi* Kellogg’s coral snake (N China)
Hemibungarus macclellandi see Calliophis macclellandi
Hemibungarus sauteri* syn. Sinomicrurus sauteri (Taiwan)
Genus: Homoroselaps
Homoroselaps dorsalis* Striped harlequin snake or striped dwarf garter snake (NE RSA
and W Swaziland)
Homoroselaps lacteus* Spotted harlequin snake (N RSA)
Genus: Leptomicrurus (sometimes included in Micrurus genus synonyms)
Leptomicrurus collaris** Guyana blackback coral snake
-- L. collaris breviventris (Venezuela and Guyana)
-- L. collaris collaris (SE Venezuela to French Guyana and the neighboring territory of
Brazil)
Leptomicrurus narduccii** Andean blackback coral snake
-- L. narduccii melanotus (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil)
-- L. narduccii narduccii (Bolivia)
Leptomicrurus renjifoi** (E Colombia)
Leptomicrurus scutiventris** (the border region of SE Colombia, S Venezuela, NW
Brazil and NE Peru)
Genus: Maticora
Maticora beddomei* see Calliophis beddomei
Maticora bivirgatus*** see Calliophis bivirgatus
Maticora intestinalis* see Calliophis intestinalis
Maticora maculiceps* see Calliophis maculiceps
Maticora nigrescens* see Calliophis nigriscens
Genus: Micruroides
Micruroides euryxanthus** Western coral snake
-- M. euryxanthus australis (Mexico)
-- M. euryxanthus euryxanthus (the USA, N Mexico, Tibur?n)
-- M. euryxanthus neglectus (Mexico)
Genus: Micrurus, coral snake
Micrurus albicinctus** (NW Brazil)
Micrurus alleni** Allen’s coral snake (E Nicaragua, Costa Rica to W Panama)
Micrurus altirostris** (Uruguay, NE Argentina, S Brazil)
Micrurus ancoralis** Regal coral snake
-- M. ancoralis ancoralis (SW Colombia and NW Ecuador)
-- M. ancoralis jani (E Panama and Colombia - the Pacific part)
Micrurus annellatus** Annellated coral snake
-- M. annellatus annellatus (SE Ecuador, C and SE Peru)
-- M. annellatus balzani (Peru and W Bolivia)
-- M. annellatus bolivianus (C Bolivia)
Micrurus averyi** Black-headed coral snake (N Guyana, Brazil - the Manaus territory)
Micrurus baliocoryphus** (NE Argentina, between the Paran? and Uruguay rivers)
Micrurus bernardi** (Mexico)
Micrurus bocourti** Ecuadorian coral snake (coastal Ecuador, probably inc. the
neighboring territory of NW Peru)
Micrurus bogerti** Bogert’s coral snake (Mexico)
Micrurus brasiliensis** (Brazil)
Micrurus browni** Brown’s coral snake (N Mexico)
-- M. browni browni (N Mexico to W Guatemala mountains)
-- M. browni importunus (Guatemala)
-- M. browni taylori (Mexico)
Micrurus catamayensis** Catamayo coral snake (Ecuador)
Micrurus circinalis** (Trinidad and Gaspare? islands, NE Venezuela)
Micrurus clarki** Clark’s coral snake (N Costa Rica, Panama to W coast of Colombia)
Micrurus corallinus** Painted coral snake (N Brazil, N Argentina, S Paraguay)
Micrurus decoratus** Brazilian coral snake (SE Brazil)
Micrurus diana** (E Bolivia)
Micrurus diastema** Variable coral snake
-- M. diastema affinis (N Mexico)
-- M. diastema aglaeope (NW Honduras)
-- M. diastema alienus (N Mexico - N Yucat?n)
-- M. diastema apiatus (N Mexico and Guatemala)
-- M. diastema bernadi see M. bernardi
-- M. diastema diastema (N Mexico, Belize, N and C Guatemala, NW Honduras)
-- M. diastema macdougalli (N Mexico)
-- M. diastema sapperi (N Mexico, W Guatemala, Belize)
Micrurus dissoleucus** Pygmy coral snake
-- M. dissoleucus dissoleucus (NE Colombia and Venezuela)
-- M. dissoleucus dunni (Panama Canal as far as NW Colombia)
-- M. dissoleucus melanogenys (NE Colombia)
-- M. dissoleucus meridensis see M. meridensis
-- M. dissoleucus nigrirostris (N Colombia)
Micrurus distans** West Mexican coral snake
-- M. distans distans (Mexico)
-- M. distans michoacanensis (Mexico)
-- M. distans oliveri (Mexico)
-- M. distans zweifeli (Mexico)
Micrurus dumerilii**
-- M. dumerilii antoquiensis (Colombia)
-- M. dumerilii carinicauda (Colombia to NW Venezuela)
-- M. dumerilii colombianus (NE Colombia)
-- M. dumerilii dumerili (Colombia)
-- M. dumerilii transandinus (N Panama and W Colombia)
-- M. dumerilii venezuelensis (N Venezuela)
Micrurus elegans** Elegant coral snake
-- M. elegans elegans (Mexico)
-- M. elegans veraepacis (Mexico and Guatemala)
Micrurus ephippifer** Oaxacan coral snake
-- M. ephippifer ephippifer (Mexico - Oaxaca, the Pacific part)
-- M. ephippifer zapotecus (Mexico - Oaxaca)
Micrurus filiformis** Slender coral snake
-- M. filiformis filiformis (Brazil)
-- M. filiformis subtilis (N and SE Colombia, E Ecuador, N Peru, W Brazil as far as
Manaus)
Micrurus frontalis*** Southern coral snake
-- M. frontalis altirostris see M. altirostris
-- M. frontalis baliocoryphus see M. baliocoryphus
-- M. frontalis brasiliensis see M. brasiliensis
-- M. frontalis diana see M. diana
-- M. frontalis frontalis (N Brazil, S Paraguay and the neighboring areas of NE
Argentina)
-- M. frontalis multicinctus see M. altirostris
-- M. frontalis pyrhocryptus see M. pyrhocryptus pyrhocryptus
-- M. frontalis tricolor see M. pyrhocryptus tricolor
Micrurus frontifasciatus, Bolivian coral snake see M. lemniscatus
Micrurus fulvius** Eastern coral snake
-- M. fulvius fitzingeri see M. tener fitzingeri
-- M. fulvius fulvius (SE USA)
-- M. fulvius maculatus see M. tener maculatus
-- M. fulvius microgalbineus see M. tener microgalbineus
-- M. fulvius tener see M. tener tener
Micrurus hemprichii** Hemprich’s coral snake
-- M. hemprichii hemprichii (E Colombia, S Venezuela to French Guyana and the
neighboring territories of NE Brazil)
-- M. hemprichii ortoni (Colombia, Ecuador, N Peru and the neighboring territory of
Brazil as far as NE Bolivia)
-- M. hemprichii rondonianus (a type locality - Usina hidroelectrica Samuel, a water
power plant, the State of Rondonia, W Brazil)
Micrurus hippocrepis** Mayan coral snake (N Belize and E Guatemala)
Micrurus ibiboboca** Caatinga coral snake (E Brazil, N Surinam, N French Guyana)
Micrurus isozonus** Venezuela coral snake (NE Colombia, N and C Venezuela)
Micrurus langsdorffi** Langsdorff’s coral snake
-- M. langsdorffi langsdorffi (N Colombia, E Ecuador, N Peru, Colombia)
-- M. langsdorffi ornatissimus see M. ornatissimus
Micrurus laticollaris** Balsan coral snake
-- M. laticollaris laticollaris (N Mexico - the Balsas River valley)
-- M. laticollaris maculirostris (N Mexico - the states of Colima and Jalisco)
Micrurus latifasciatus** Broad-ringed coral snake (N Mexico and SE Guatemala)
Micrurus lemniscatus*** South American coral snake
-- M. lemniscatus carvalhoi (NE and C Brazil)
-- M. lemniscatus diutius (E and SE Venezuela, Trinidad, C and S Guyana, Surinam,
French Guyana)
-- M. lemniscatus helleri (N Colombia, S Venezuela, NW Brazil, Bolivia)
-- M. lemniscatus lemniscatus (NE Brazil, N Guyana, Surinam)
Micrurus limbatus** Tuxtlan coral snake
-- M. limbatus limbatus (the northern coast of the Mexican state of Veracruz)
-- limbatus spilosomus (Mexico - S Veracruz)
Micrurus margaritiferus** Speckled coral snake (Peru)
Micrurus medemi** (C Colombia)
Micrurus meridensis** (Venezuela)
Micrurus mertensi** Mertens’ coral snake (SW Ecuador and W Peru)
Micrurus mipartitus** Redtail coral snake
-- M. mipartitus anomalus (E Colombia, the neighboring part of NW Venezuela)
-- M. mipartitus decussatus (W and C Colombian Andes, W Ecuador)
-- M. mipartitus mipartitus (E Panama and W Colombia)
-- M. mipartitus popayanensis (Colombia - the Popayan and Cauca regions)
-- M. mipartitus semipartitus see M. mipartitus rozei
-- M. mipartitus rozei (N Venezuela)
Micrurus multifasciatus** Many-banded coral snake
-- M. multifasciatus hertwigi (N Nicaragua to W Panama)
-- M. multifasciatus multifasciatus (C Panama)
Micrurus multiscutatus** Cauca coral snake (Colombia)
Micrurus nebularis** Cloud forest coral snake (Mexico)
Micrurus nigrocinctus** Central American coral snake
-- M. nigrocinctus babaspul (Nicaragua)
-- M. nigrocinctus coibensis (Panama)
-- M. nigrocinctus divaricatus (N and C Honduras to C Belize)
-- M. nigrocinctus mosquitensis (Costa Rica and NW Panama)
-- M. nigrocinctus nigrocinctus (W Nicaragua, W Costa Rica, Panama)
-- M. nigrocinctus ruatanus see M. ruatanus
-- M. nigrocinctus zunilensis (N Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador, S Honduras)
Micrurus oligoannelatus** (Colombia - Cauca region)
Micrurus ornatissimus** (N Colombia, E Ecuador, N Peru, NW Brazil)
Micrurus pachecogili** (C Mexico)
Micrurus paraensis** (NE and C Brazil)
Micrurus ornatissimus** (N Colombia, E Ecuador, N Peru, NW Brazil)
Micrurus peruvianus** Peruvian coral snake (Peru)
Micrurus petersi** Peters’ coral snake (Ecuador)
Micrurus proximans** Nayarit coral snake (Mexico)
Micrurus psyches** Carib coral snake
-- M. psyches circinalis see M. circinalis
-- M. psyches donosoi see M. paraensis
-- M. psyches medemi see M. medemi
-- M. psyches paraensis see M. paraensis
-- M. psyches psyches (SE Colombia to French Guyana)
-- M. psyches remotus see M. remotus
Micrurus putumayensis** Putumayo coral snake (SE Colombia, NE Peru, NW Brazil)
Micrurus pyrhocryptus**
-- M. pyrhocryptus pyrhocryptus (Brazil, W and SW Bolivia, the neighboring part of
Paraguay, N Argentina)
-- M. pyrhocryptus tricolor (Brazil and E Paraguay)
Mircurus remotus** (the border regions of Venezuela, Brazil, and Colombia)
Micrurus rondonianus see M. hemprichii rondonianus
Micrurus ruatanus** Roatan coral snake (Honduras)
Micrurus sangilensis** Santander coral snake (N Colombia)
Micrurus serranus** (Bolivia)
Micrurus spixii** Amazon coral snake
-- M. spixii martiusi (E Brazil)
-- M. spixii obscurus (E Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, S Venezuela, NW Brazil to
Bolivia)
-- M. spixii princeps (NW and C Bolivia)
-- M. spixii spixii (Brazil)
Micrurus spurrelli** (W and C Colombia)
Micrurus steindachneri** Steindachner’s coral snake
-- M. steindachneri orcesi (C Ecuador)
-- M. steindachneri steindachneri (SE Ecuador)
Micrurus stewarti** Panamanian coral snake (Panama)
Micrurus stuarti** Stuart’s coral snake (SW Guatemala)
Micrurus surinamensis*** Aquatic coral snake
-- M. surinamensis nattereri (E Colombia, S Venezuela, Brazil)
-- M. surinamensis surinamensis (Colombia to French Guyana, Brazil - Amazon Basin,
Bolivia)
Micrurus tener** Texas coral snake
-- M. tener tener (the USA - SW Arkansas to S Texas, Mexico - N Coahuila, Nuevo
Le?n, Tamaulipas)
-- M. tener fitzingeri (the Mexican State of Guanajuato to the State of Morelos, probably
inc. Zacatecas)
-- M. tener maculatus (Mexico - the State of Tamaulipas)
-- M. tener microgalbineus (Mexico - S Tamaulipas to C Guanujato)
Micrurus tschudii** Desert coral snake
-- M. tschudii olssoni (SW Ecuador and NW Peru)
-- M. tschudii tschudii (the Pacific part of the Andes in Peru)
Genus: Naja, cobras
Naja anchietae*** Anchieta’s cobra (N Angola, S DRC, N and C Namibia, N Botswana,
W Zambia, NW Zimbabwe)
Naja annulifera*** Snouted cobra
-- N. annulifera anchietae see N. anchietae
-- N. annulifera annulifera (N Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, E Botswana)
Naja atra*** Chinese cobra (N China, Taiwan, Mainland Southeast Asia)
Naja haje*** Egyptian cobra
-- N. haje arabica (SW Saudi Arabia, Yemen, SW Oman)
-- N. haje legionis (SE Morocco, NW Western Sahara to N Algeria)
-- N. haje haje Egyptian cobra (C Tunisia, N Libya to Egypt, the southern edge of Sahara
to Ethiopia to the north, NE DRC, Uganda, Kenya)
Naja kaouthia*** Monocellate cobra (Bengal, Nepal, E Himalayas, SW China)
Naja katiensis*** Katian spitting cobra (W Africa)
Naja mandalayensis*** (Burma)
Naja melanoleuca*** Black and white cobra (African forests and savannahs)
Naja mossambica*** Mozambique spitting cobra (SE Tanzania, S Zambia, Malawi,
Mozambique to RSA, SE Angola)
Naja naja*** Indian cobra (E Pakistan, S Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, W Bangladesh)
Naja nigricollis*** Black-necked spitting cobra
-- N. nigricollis nigricincta (N Namibia and SW Angola)
-- N. nigricollis nigricollis (Senegal, S Mauritania to S Sudan, Ethiopia, Angola, Malawi)
-- N. nigricollis woodi (RSA, Namibia)
Naja nivea*** Cape cobra (RSA and SW Africa)
Naja nubiae*** Nubian spitting cobra (Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Niger, Eritrea)
Naja oxiana*** Central Asian cobra (the Southern Caucasus to Afghanistan and
Kashmir)
Naja pallida*** African cobra or red spitting cobra (N Egypt, NE Sudan, Ethiopia,
Eritrea, Somalia, Kenya, NE Tanzania)
Naja philippinensis*** Philippine cobra (the Philippines)
Naja sagittifera*** (Andaman)
Naja samarensis*** Peters’ cobra (the Philippines)
Naja siamensis*** Indochinese spitting cobra (E Burma, Thailand, W Laos, Cambodia, S
Vietnam)
Naja sputatrix*** Indonesian cobra (Malaysia; Java, Bali, Sumbawa, Flores, Komodo
and Sulawesi islands)
Naja sumatrana*** Equatorial spitting cobra or golden spitting cobra (N Thailand,
Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia to the Philippines)
Genus: Ophiophagus
Ophiophagus hannah*** King cobra (SE and S Asia)
Genus: Paranaja
Paranaja multifasciata** Many-banded snake
-- P. multifasciata anomala (E Cameroon)
-- P. multifasciata duttoni (DRC)
-- P. multifasciata multifasciata (N DRC and Congo-Brazzaville)
Genus: Pseudohaje
Pseudohaje goldii** African tree cobra, Gold’s forest cobra, Goldie’s false cobra, or tree
cobra (Africa from Nigeria as far as Uganda)
Pseudohaje nigra** Hoodless cobra (Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Togo)
Genus: Walterinnesia
Walterinnesia aegyptia** Desert cobra (Egypt, Israel, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Jordan)
Terrestrial Species (Formerly: Oxyuraninae Subfamily)
Genus: Acanthophis, death adders
Acanthophis antarcticus*** Common death adder (Australia and New Guinea)
-- A. antarcticus antarcticus Common death adder
-- A. antarcticus cliffrosswelingtoni
-- A. antarcticus schistos
Acanthophis barnetti see A. laevis
Acanthophis crotalusei see A. laevis
Acanthophis cummingi see A. hawkei
Acanthophis groenveldi see A. laevis
Acanthophis hawkei*** (N Australia)
Acanthophis laevis*** (New Guinea, Indonesia - Seram and Tanimbar islands)
Acanthophis macgregori see A. laevis
Acanthophis praelongus*** Northern death adder (N Australia, New Guinea, Torres
Strait Islands, Seram Island and Tanimbar Islands to the west)
Acanthophis pyrrhus*** Desert death adder (C and W Australia)
Acanthophis rugosus*** (N Australia and Irian Jaya, Indonesia)
Acanthophis wellsi*** (Pilbara, Australia)
Genus: Aspidomorphus
Aspidomorphus diadema see Furina diadema
Aspidomorphus lineaticollis * Striped crown snake (NE Papua-New Guinea)
Aspidomorphus muelleri * M?ller’s crown snake (New Guinea as far as Misool, Salawati
and Seram islands to the west, and New Britain as well as New Ireland islands to the
east)
-- A. muelleri muelleri M?ller’s crown snake (New Guinea)
-- A. muelleri interruptus (New Britain, Duke of York and New Ireland islands)
Aspidomorphus schlegeli * Schlegel’s crown snake (E Indonesia and NW Papua-New
Guinea)
Genus: Austrelaps, copperheads or Australian copperheads
Austrelaps labialis** Pygmy copperhead (N Australia)
Austrelaps ramsayi** Highlands copperhead (Australian mountain ranges from E
Victoria as far as New South Wales)
Austrelaps superbus** Australian copperhead (SE Australia, Tasmania and Bass Straits
Islands)
Genus: Cacophis, dwarf-crowned snakes
Cacophis churchilli* (Australia)
Cacophis harriettae* White-crowned snake (Australia)
Cacophis krefftii* Krefft’s dwarf snake (Australia)
Cacophis squamulosus* (Australia)
Genus: Demansia
Demansia atra see D. vestigiata
Demansia calodera* Black-necked whipsnake (W Australia, S Papua-New Guinea)
Demansia olivacea** Marble-headed whip snake (N and NW Australia)
Demansia papuensis** Papuan whip snake
-- D. papuensis melanea (N Australia)
-- D. papuensis papuensis (SE Irian Jaya and NE Australia)
Demansia psammophis** Yellow-faced whip snake
-- D. psammophis cupreiceps (W Australia)
-- D. psammophis psammophis (SE to E Australia)
-- D. psammophis reticulata (coastal W Australia)
Demansia rufescens* (W Australia)
Demansia simplex* Grey whipsnake (W Australia)
Demansia torquata* Collared whip snake (Australia)
Demansia vestigiata** Black whip snake (N Indonesian New Guinea)
Demansia textilis see Pseudonaja textilis
Genus: Denisonia
Denisonia devisi** De Vis’s banded snake (Australia)
Denisonia maculata** Ornamental snake (Australia)
Denisonia superba see Austrelaps superbus
Denisonia gouldii see Suta gouldii
Genus: Drysdalia, crowned snakes
Drysdalia coronata see Elapognathus coronata
Drysdalia coronoides* White-lipped snake (SE Australia, Tasmania and Bass Straits
Islands)
Drysdalia mastersii* Masters’ snake (SE coast of W Australia, coastal S Australia)
Drysdalia rhodogaster* Mustard-bellied snake (Australia)
Genus: Echiopsis
Echopsis atriceps see Paroplocephalus atriceps
Echiopsis curta** Bardick snake (southern W Australia, coastal S Australia, SW New
South Wales, NW Victoria and the neighboring part of S Australia)
Genus: Elapognathus
Elapognathus coronata* Crowned snake (SW part of West Australia and the neighboring
islets)
Elapognathus minor* Short-nosed snake or little brown snake (SW Australia)
Genus: Furina
Furina barnardi* Yellow-naped snake (NW Australia)
Furina diadema* Red-naped snake (W Australia)
Furina dunmalli* Dunmall’s snake (W Australia)
Furina ornata* Orange-naped snake (Australia)
Furina tristis* Brown-headed or grey-naped snake (N and NE Australia, Papua-New
Guinea)
Genus: Glyphodon
Glyphodon tristis see Furina tristis
Glyphodon barnardi see Furina barnardi
Glyphodon harriettae see Cacophis harriettae
Genus: Hemiaspis
Hemiaspis damelii** Grey snake (inland SE Australia as far as the eastern coast)
Hemiaspis signata** Marsh snake, swamp snake, or black-bellied swamp snake (coastal
E Australia)
Genus: Hoplocephalus
Hoplocephalus bitorquatus** Pale-headed snake (Australia)
Hoplocephalus bungaroides** Broad-headed snake (Australia)
Hoplocephalus stephensii** Stephens’s banded snake (Australia)
Genus: Loveridgelaps
Loveridgelaps elapoides** Solomon’s small-eyed snake (the Solomon Islands)
Genus: Micropechis
Micropechis ikaheka*** New Guinea small-eyed or Ikaheka snake
-- M. ikaheka ikaheka (New Guinea and the neighboring islands)
-- M. ikaheka fasciatus (Aru Archipelago)
Genus: Notechis, tiger snakes
Notechis ater*** Black tiger snake
-- N. ater ater (SE part of S Australia)
-- N. ater humpreysi (Tasmania and the neighboring islands)
-- N. ater niger (Spencer Gulf islands)
-- N. ater occidentalis see N. scutatus occidentalis
-- N. ater serventyi (Chappel and Badger islands, Bass Strait islets)
Notechis scutatus*** Mainland tiger snake (SE Australia)
-- N. scutatus occidentalis (SW part of W Australia and the neighboring islets)
Genus: Ogmodon
Ogmodon vitianus* Fiji cobra (Fiji)
Genus: Oxyuranus, taipans
Oxyuranus microlepidotus*** Fierce snake or inland taipan (inland Australia, border of
Victoria and New South Wales)
Oxyuranus scutellatus*** Coastal taipan
-- O. scutellatus canni Papuan taipan (N coast of Papua-New Guinea)
-- O. scutellatus scutellatus Coastal taipan (N and NE Australia)
Genus: Parapistocalamus
Parapistocalamus hedigeri* Bougainville or Hediger’s coral snake (Bouganville Island,
the Solomon Islands)
Genus: Paroplocephalus
Paroplocephalus atriceps* Lake Cronin snake (SW coast of W Australia)
Genus: Pseudechis, black snakes
Pseudechis australis*** Mulga snake or king brown snake (Australia and New Guinea)
Pseudechis butleri** Spotted mulga snake (the middle-west part of W Australia)
Pseudechis colletti** Collett’s snake (NE Australia)
Pseudechis guttatus** Blue-bellied black snake (E Australia)
Pseudechis papuans** Papuan black snake (E New Guinea and neighboring islands)
Pseudechis pailsei (Validity of the species has been disputed.)
Pseudechis porphyriacus** Red-bellied black snake (E and SE Australia)
-- P. porphyriacus eipperi (Validity of the subspecies has been disputed.)
-- P. porphyriacus rentoni (Validity of the subspecies has been disputed.)
Genus: Pseudonaja, brown snakes
Pseudonaja affinis** Dugite or spotted brown snake
-- P. affinis affinis (coastal SW Australia)
-- P. affinis exilis (Rottnest Island)
-- P. affinis tanneri (Boxer’s Island)
Pseudonaja elliotti** (Australia - W part of New South Wales)
Pseudonaja guttata** Speckled brown snake or spotted brown snake (Australia)
Pseudonaja inframacula** Peninsula brown snake (N Australia)
Pseudonaja ingrami** Ingram’s brown snake (Australia, the Barkly Tableland region)
Pseudonaja modesta** Ringed brown snake (W Australia to the north of the Northern
Territory, inland S Australia, SW Queensland)
Pseudonaja nuchalis** Gwardar or western brown snake (W and S Australia, the
Northern Territory, W New South Wales, NW Victoria)
Pseudonaja textilis*** Eastern brown snake (NE Australia)
-- P. textilis pughi (ssp. described in 2003.)
Genus: Rhinoplocephalus
Rhinoplocephalus bicolor* Square-nosed snake (SW part of West Australia)
Rhinoplocephalus boschmai* syn. Unechis boschmai, U. carpentariae Carpentaria whip
snake (Australia and Indonesian part of New Guinea)
Rhinoplocephalus incredibilis* (Prince of Wales Island, Torres Straits)
Rhinoplocephalus nigrescens * Eastern small-eyed snake (E Australia)
Rhinoplocephalus nigrostriatus * Australian black-striped snake (Australia, S Papua-
New Guinea)
Rhinoplocephalus pallidiceps * Western Carpentaria snake (N Australia)
Genus: Salomonelaps
Salomonelaps par** Solomons coral snake (the Solomon Islands)
Genus: Simoselaps
Simoselaps anomalus * Northern desert banded snake (NW coast of W Australia to SW
Northern Territory and NW part of S Australia)
Simoselaps approximans * North-western shovel-nosed snake (NW Australia)
Simoselaps australis* Eastern shovel-nosed snake, coral snake, Australian coral snake (E
Australia)
Simoselaps bertholdi* Southern desert banded snake, desert banded snake (Australia)
Simoselaps bimaculatus* Black-naped burrowing snake (SW Australia to C S Australia)
Simoselaps calonotus* Black-striped burrowing snake (SW coast of Australia)
Simoselaps fasciolatus* Narrow-banded shovel-nosed snake
-- S. fasciolatus fasciatus (Central S Australia)
-- S. fasciolatus fasciolatus (SW Australia)
Simoselaps incinctus * Unbanded shovel-nosed snake (Australia)
Simoselaps littoralis * West-coast banded snake (C part of W coast of West Australia)
Simoselaps minimus * Dampierland burrowing snake (NW West Australia)
Simoselaps morrisi* (Australia - the Northern Territory)
Simoselaps roperi Northern shovel-nosed snake (W Australia to the Northern Territory)
Simoselaps semifasciatus*Southern shovel-nosed snake, half-girdled snake
-- S. semifasciatus campbelli (NE Queensland)
-- S. semifasciatus roperi
-- S. semifasciatus semifasciatus Southern shovel-nosed snake (SW and S Australia)
-- S. semifasciatus woodjonesii Cape York shovel-nosed snake (N Queensland)
Simoselaps warro* North-eastern plain-nosed (Australia)
Genus: Suta
Suta atriceps see Paroplocephalus atriceps
Suta dwyeri * Variable black-naped snake (Australia)
Suta fasciata* Rosen’s snake (W Australia)
Suta flagellum* Whip hooded snake (SE Australia)
Suta gouldii* Australian black-headed snake (SW West Australia)
Suta monachus* Hooded snake (Australia)
Suta nigriceps* G?nther’s black-headed snake (N West Australia to NW Victoria and
SW New South Wales)
Suta ordensis* Ord curl snake (NW Australia)
Suta punctata * Little spotted snake (NW West Australia to C Australia and W C
Queensland)
Suta spectabilis* Spectacled hooded snake
-- S. spectabilis bushi (a type locality - Scaddan in W Australia)
-- S. spectabilis nullarbor (Australia - Nullarbor Plain)
-- S. spectabilis spectabilis Spectacled hooded snake (SE Australia)
Suta suta* Curl snake (C and E Australia)
Genus: Toxicocalamus
Toxicocalamus buergersi* Buerger’s forest snake (N Papua-New Guinea)
Toxicocalamus grandis* Setekwa River forest snake (a type locality - River Setekwa,
Indonesian New Guinea)
Toxicocalamus holopelturus* Mt Rossel forest snake (Mt Rossel, Rossel Island)
Toxicocalamus longissimus* Woodlark or Fergusson Island forest snake (Woodlark and
Ferguson islands)
Toxicocalamus loriae* (New Guinea and Papua-New Guinea)
Toxicocalamus misimae* Misima Island forest snake (Misima Island near Papua-New
Guinea)
Toxicocalamus preussi* Preuss’s Sepik forest snake (N New Guinea)
-- T. preussi angusticinctus
-- T. preussi preussi Preuss’s forest snake
Toxicocalamus spilolepidotus* (a type locality - Papua-New Guinea, only two
individuals)
Toxicocalamus stanleyanus* (Indonesia)
Genus: Tropidechis
Tropidechis carinatus** Rough-scaled snake or Clarence River snake (coastal zones, NE
and E Australia)
Tropidechis sadlieri** (Australia - N Queensland)
Genus: Unechis see Rhinoplocephalus
Genus: Vermicella
Vermicella annulata* Eastern bandy bandy
-- V. annnulata annulata (Australia except NE and SE territories)
-- V. annulata snelli see V. snelli
Vermicella intermedia*
Vermicella snelli* (W Australia, Pilbara to S Northern Territory)
Vermicella multifasciata* Northern bandy bandy (N W Australia to Northern Territory)
Vermicella vermiformis*
7.3.2.2. Aquatic Species: True Sea Snakes and Sea Kraits
(formerly: Hydrophiidae family, Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae subfamilies)
Genus: Acalyptophis
Acalyptophis peronii** Spiny-headed seasnake (the sea territories between China,
Taiwan and Australia)
Genus: Aipysurus
Aipysurus apraefrontalis** Short-nosed seasnake (Australian and Indonesian seas)
Aipysurus duboisii** Reef shallows seasnake (Melanesian, Australian and New Guinea
sea)
Aipysurus eydouxii** Spine-tailed seasnake (Thailand, Indonesian and N Australia sea)
Aipysurus foliosquama** Leaf-scaled seasnake (Indonesian and Australian sea)
Aipysurus fuscus** Timor reef snake (Sulawesi and Timor sea)
Aipysurus laevis** Olive-brown seasnake
-- A. laevis laevis (New Guinea, Australia, Melanesia)
-- A. laevis pooleorum see A. pooleorum
Aipysurus pooleorum** (coastal W Australia)
Aipysurus tenuis** (coastal NW Australia)
Genus: Astrotia
Astrotia stokesi*** Stoke’s seasnake (E Pacific Ocean and N Australia)
Genus: Disteira
Disteira kingii** Spectacled or king’s seasnake (V, N and W coast of Australia)
Disteira major** see Hydrophis Olive-headed or greater seasnake (V, S and W coast of
Australia)
Disteira nigrocincta** (the sea along E India and around Sri Lanka)
Disteira walli** Wall’s sea snake (Malayan Archipelago sea)
Genus: Emydocephalus
Emydocephalus annulatus** Turtle-headed seasnake, egg-eating sea snake (W Pacific
Ocean to N coast of Australia)
Emydocephalus ijimae** Turtlehead sea snake (S Chinese, Taiwan and Japanese sea)
Genus: Enhydrina, seasnakes
Enhydrina schistosa*** Common or beaked seasnake (the Indian Ocean, the sea territory
between E India and N Australia)
Enhydrina zweifeli*** Sepik or Zweifel’s beaked seasnake (New Guinea)
Genus: Ephalophis
Ephalophis greyi (greyae)** North-western mangrove seasnake (coastal W Australia)
Genus: Hydrelaps
Hydrelaps darwiniensis** Port Darwin seasnake (the sea territory between N Australia
and S New Guinea)
Genus: Hydrophis, seasnakes
Hydrophis atriceps** Black-headed seasnake (the Burmese sea to Thailand, Java, New
Guinea, Australia and the Philippines)
Hydrophis belcheri** Faint-banded seasnake (Thailand, Indonesian and New Guinea sea)
Hydrophis bituberculatus** Peters’ sea snake (Sri Lanka and Thailand sea)
Hydrophis brookei (brookii)** (Malaysian, Thailand, Vietnamese and Indonesian sea)
Hydrophis caerulescens** syn. Polyodontognathus caerulescens Dark blue-banded sea
snake (S and SE Asia and Indonesian sea)
Hydrophis cantoris** syn. Microcephalophis cantoris (the seas of Pakistan, India, Sri
Lanka, Burma, Thailand, and Malaysia)
Hydrophis coggeri** Slender-necked seasnake (Oceania)
Hydrophis cyanocinctus** Asian annulated sea snake (the southern coast of Asia as far as
Japan)
Hydrophis czeblukovi** Fine-spined seasnake (Arafura Sea)
Hydrophis elegans** Elegant or bar-bellied seasnake (E, S, W coast of Australia)
Hydrophis fasciatus** Striped sea snake (the Indian Ocean to the northern coast of
Australia)
Hydrophis geometricus** (N coast of W Australia)
Hydrophis gracilis** syn. Microcephalophis gracilis (the coast of the Indian Ocean from
the Gulf of Persia as far as Australia and Melanesia)
Hydrophis inornatus** Plain seasnake (Indonesian, Philippines and Australian sea)
Hydrophis klossi** Kloss’ sea snake (Thailand, Malaysian and Indonesian sea)
Hydrophis laboutei** (New Caledonian sea)
Hydrophis lamberti** Lambert’s sea snake (Thailand, Singapore and Philippine sea)
Hydrophis lapemoides** Persian Gulf sea snake (the coast of the Indian Ocean from the
Gulf of Persia as far as Malaysia)
Hydrophis major see Disteira major
Hydrophis mamillaris** Bombay sea snake (coastal Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka)
Hydrophis macdowelli** Small-headed Or McDowell’s seasnake (N coast of Australia)
Hydrophis melanocaphalus** Slender-necked seasnake (waters of SE Asia, from
Australia as far as S Japan)
Hydrophis melanosoma** Black-banded or robust seasnake (Malaysian, Indonesian and
Australian sea)
Hydrophis obscurus** Russel’s sea snake (coastal E India, Sri Lanka and Burma)
Hydrophis ornatus ssp.** Ornate reef seasnake (the Indian Ocean, W Pacific Ocean)
Hydrophis pacificus** Pacific seasnake (Australia and New Guinea)
Hydrophis parviceps** (the South China Sea and coastal Vietnam)
Hydrophis semperi** Lake Taal snake (the Lake Taal, Luzon, the Philippines)
Hydrophis sibauensis** (Sibau River, W Borneo, Indonesia)
Hydrophis spiralis** Yellow sea snake (the Indian Ocean, the waters of archipelagos
between E India and N Australia)
Hydrophis stricticollis** Collared sea snake (coastal E India, Sri Lanka, Burma)
Hydrophis torquatus ssp.** West Coast black-headed sea snake (the South China Sea to
the waters near Borneo and Sumatra)
Hydrophis vorisi** Estuarine seasnake (New Guinea)
Genus: Kerilia
Kerilia jerdonii ssp.** Jerdon’s sea snake (Indian, Sri Lankan and Borneo seas)
Genus: Kolpophis
Kolpophis annandalei** Bighead sea snake (the South China Sea from Thailand as far as
Indonesia)
Genus: Lapemis
Lapemis curtus** Shaw’s sea snake (the Indian Ocean)
Lapemis hardwickii** Hardwicke’s spine-bellied seasnake (the sea territory from E India
to Australia)
Genus: Laticauda, Sea kraits
Laticauda colubrina** Colubrine or yellow-lipped sea krait (the sea territory between E
India, Japan and Australia)
Laticauda crockeri** Crocker’s sea snake (the Lake Te Nggano, Rennell Island - the
Solomon Islands)
Laticauda laticaudata** Common or blue-lipped sea krait (the sea territory between E
India, Japan, Australia and Polynesia)
-- L. laticaudata affinis
-- L. laticaudata wolffi
Laticauda schistorhynchus** (New Guinea, Melanesian and Polynesian seas)
Laticauda semifasciata** (Philippine, Chinese, Taiwan and Japanese seas)
Genus: Microcephalophis
Microcephalophis gracilis see Hydrophis gracilis
Microcephalophis cantoris see Hydrophis cantoris
Genus: Parahydrophis
Parahydrophis mertoni** Arafura smooth or northern mangrove seasnake (Indonesian,
New Guinea and Australian seas)
Genus: Pelamis
Pelamis platurus** Yellowbelly sea snake or pelagic sea snake (tropical zones of the
Indian and Pacific Ocean)
Genus: Polyodontognathus
Polyodontognathus caerulescens see Hydrophis caerulescens
Genus: Praescutata
Praescutata viperina see Thalassophina viperina
Genus: Thalassophis
Thalassophis anomalus** Anomalous sea snake (the Gulf of Siam and Indonesian seas)
Genus: Thalassophina
Thalassophina viperina** Schmidt’s sea snake (the Indian Ocean: the Persian Gulf to the
South China Sea)
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10 MOST DANGEROUS VENOMOUS SNAKE IN THE WORLD
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